{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "144e77fe",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Human-in-the-loop Tool Validation\n",
    "\n",
    "This walkthrough demonstrates how to add human validation to any Tool. We'll do this using the `HumanApprovalCallbackhandler`.\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's suppose we need to make use of the `ShellTool`. Adding this tool to an automated flow poses obvious risks. Let's see how we could enforce manual human approval of inputs going into this tool.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Note**: We generally recommend against using the `ShellTool`. There's a lot of ways to misuse it, and it's not required for most use cases. We employ it here only for demonstration purposes."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "ad84c682",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.callbacks import HumanApprovalCallbackHandler\n",
    "from langchain.tools import ShellTool"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "70090dd6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tool = ShellTool()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "20d5175f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello World!\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(tool.run(\"echo Hello World!\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e0475dd6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Adding Human Approval\n",
    "Adding the default `HumanApprovalCallbackHandler` to the tool will make it so that a user has to manually approve every input to the tool before the command is actually executed."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "f1c88793",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tool = ShellTool(callbacks=[HumanApprovalCallbackHandler()])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "f749815d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Do you approve of the following input? Anything except 'Y'/'Yes' (case-insensitive) will be treated as a no.\n",
      "\n",
      "ls /usr\n",
      "yes\n",
      "\u001b[35mX11\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[35mX11R6\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36mbin\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36mlib\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36mlibexec\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36mlocal\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36msbin\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36mshare\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\u001b[1m\u001b[36mstandalone\u001b[m\u001b[m\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(tool.run(\"ls /usr\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "b6e455d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Do you approve of the following input? Anything except 'Y'/'Yes' (case-insensitive) will be treated as a no.\n",
      "\n",
      "ls /private\n",
      "no\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "HumanRejectedException",
     "evalue": "Inputs ls /private to tool {'name': 'terminal', 'description': 'Run shell commands on this MacOS machine.'} were rejected.",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mHumanRejectedException\u001b[0m                    Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[17], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(\u001b[43mtool\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mls /private\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/tools/base.py:257\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mBaseTool.run\u001b[0;34m(self, tool_input, verbose, start_color, color, callbacks, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    255\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# TODO: maybe also pass through run_manager is _run supports kwargs\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    256\u001b[0m new_arg_supported \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m signature(\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_run)\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mparameters\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mget(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mrun_manager\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 257\u001b[0m run_manager \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mcallback_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mon_tool_start\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    258\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m{\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mname\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m:\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mname\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mdescription\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m:\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mdescription\u001b[49m\u001b[43m}\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    259\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mif\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43misinstance\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mstr\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01melse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mstr\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    260\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcolor\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mstart_color\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    261\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    262\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    263\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    264\u001b[0m     tool_args, tool_kwargs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_to_args_and_kwargs(parsed_input)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/manager.py:672\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mCallbackManager.on_tool_start\u001b[0;34m(self, serialized, input_str, run_id, parent_run_id, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    669\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m run_id \u001b[38;5;129;01mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    670\u001b[0m     run_id \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m uuid4()\n\u001b[0;32m--> 672\u001b[0m \u001b[43m_handle_event\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    673\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mhandlers\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    674\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mon_tool_start\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    675\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mignore_agent\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    676\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mserialized\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    677\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43minput_str\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    678\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mrun_id\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun_id\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    679\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mparent_run_id\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mparent_run_id\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    680\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    681\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    683\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m CallbackManagerForToolRun(\n\u001b[1;32m    684\u001b[0m     run_id, \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mhandlers, \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39minheritable_handlers, \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mparent_run_id\n\u001b[1;32m    685\u001b[0m )\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/manager.py:157\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_handle_event\u001b[0;34m(handlers, event_name, ignore_condition_name, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    155\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mException\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    156\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m handler\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mraise_error:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 157\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m e\n\u001b[1;32m    158\u001b[0m     logging\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mwarning(\u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mError in \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mevent_name\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m callback: \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00me\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/manager.py:139\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_handle_event\u001b[0;34m(handlers, event_name, ignore_condition_name, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    135\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    136\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m ignore_condition_name \u001b[38;5;129;01mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mor\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mgetattr\u001b[39m(\n\u001b[1;32m    137\u001b[0m         handler, ignore_condition_name\n\u001b[1;32m    138\u001b[0m     ):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 139\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;43mgetattr\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mhandler\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mevent_name\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    140\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mNotImplementedError\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    141\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m event_name \u001b[38;5;241m==\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mon_chat_model_start\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/human.py:48\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHumanApprovalCallbackHandler.on_tool_start\u001b[0;34m(self, serialized, input_str, run_id, parent_run_id, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     38\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mon_tool_start\u001b[39m(\n\u001b[1;32m     39\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m,\n\u001b[1;32m     40\u001b[0m     serialized: Dict[\u001b[38;5;28mstr\u001b[39m, Any],\n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     45\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39mkwargs: Any,\n\u001b[1;32m     46\u001b[0m ) \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m>\u001b[39m Any:\n\u001b[1;32m     47\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_should_check(serialized) \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_approve(input_str):\n\u001b[0;32m---> 48\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m HumanRejectedException(\n\u001b[1;32m     49\u001b[0m             \u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mInputs \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00minput_str\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m to tool \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mserialized\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m were rejected.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m     50\u001b[0m         )\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mHumanRejectedException\u001b[0m: Inputs ls /private to tool {'name': 'terminal', 'description': 'Run shell commands on this MacOS machine.'} were rejected."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(tool.run(\"ls /private\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a3b092ec",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Configuring Human Approval\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's suppose we have an agent that takes in multiple tools, and we want it to only trigger human approval requests on certain tools and certain inputs. We can configure out callback handler to do just this."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "4521c581",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.agents import AgentType, initialize_agent, load_tools\n",
    "from langchain.llms import OpenAI"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "9e8d5428",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def _should_check(serialized_obj: dict) -> bool:\n",
    "    # Only require approval on ShellTool.\n",
    "    return serialized_obj.get(\"name\") == \"terminal\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def _approve(_input: str) -> bool:\n",
    "    if _input == \"echo 'Hello World'\":\n",
    "        return True\n",
    "    msg = (\n",
    "        \"Do you approve of the following input? \"\n",
    "        \"Anything except 'Y'/'Yes' (case-insensitive) will be treated as a no.\"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    msg += \"\\n\\n\" + _input + \"\\n\"\n",
    "    resp = input(msg)\n",
    "    return resp.lower() in (\"yes\", \"y\")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "callbacks = [HumanApprovalCallbackHandler(should_check=_should_check, approve=_approve)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "9922898e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "llm = OpenAI(temperature=0)\n",
    "tools = load_tools([\"wikipedia\", \"llm-math\", \"terminal\"], llm=llm)\n",
    "agent = initialize_agent(\n",
    "    tools,\n",
    "    llm,\n",
    "    agent=AgentType.ZERO_SHOT_REACT_DESCRIPTION,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "e69ea402",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Konrad Adenauer became Chancellor of Germany in 1949, 74 years ago.'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "agent.run(\n",
    "    \"It's 2023 now. How many years ago did Konrad Adenauer become Chancellor of Germany.\",\n",
    "    callbacks=callbacks,\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "25182a7e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hello World'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "agent.run(\"print 'Hello World' in the terminal\", callbacks=callbacks)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "2f5a93d0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Do you approve of the following input? Anything except 'Y'/'Yes' (case-insensitive) will be treated as a no.\n",
      "\n",
      "ls /private\n",
      "no\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "HumanRejectedException",
     "evalue": "Inputs ls /private to tool {'name': 'terminal', 'description': 'Run shell commands on this MacOS machine.'} were rejected.",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mHumanRejectedException\u001b[0m                    Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[39], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[43magent\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mlist all directories in /private\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcallbacks\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mcallbacks\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/chains/base.py:236\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mChain.run\u001b[0;34m(self, callbacks, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    234\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mlen\u001b[39m(args) \u001b[38;5;241m!=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[1;32m    235\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mValueError\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m`run` supports only one positional argument.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 236\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcallbacks\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mcallbacks\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m[\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39moutput_keys[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m]]\n\u001b[1;32m    238\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m kwargs \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m args:\n\u001b[1;32m    239\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m(kwargs, callbacks\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mcallbacks)[\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39moutput_keys[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m]]\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/chains/base.py:140\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mChain.__call__\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, return_only_outputs, callbacks)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    138\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m (\u001b[38;5;167;01mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[39;00m, \u001b[38;5;167;01mException\u001b[39;00m) \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    139\u001b[0m     run_manager\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mon_chain_error(e)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 140\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m e\n\u001b[1;32m    141\u001b[0m run_manager\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mon_chain_end(outputs)\n\u001b[1;32m    142\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mprep_outputs(inputs, outputs, return_only_outputs)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/chains/base.py:134\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mChain.__call__\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, return_only_outputs, callbacks)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    128\u001b[0m run_manager \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m callback_manager\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mon_chain_start(\n\u001b[1;32m    129\u001b[0m     {\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mname\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m: \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;18m__class__\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;18m__name__\u001b[39m},\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m     inputs,\n\u001b[1;32m    131\u001b[0m )\n\u001b[1;32m    132\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    133\u001b[0m     outputs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m (\n\u001b[0;32m--> 134\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_call\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43minputs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mrun_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    135\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m new_arg_supported\n\u001b[1;32m    136\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_call(inputs)\n\u001b[1;32m    137\u001b[0m     )\n\u001b[1;32m    138\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m (\u001b[38;5;167;01mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[39;00m, \u001b[38;5;167;01mException\u001b[39;00m) \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    139\u001b[0m     run_manager\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mon_chain_error(e)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/agents/agent.py:953\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mAgentExecutor._call\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, run_manager)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    951\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# We now enter the agent loop (until it returns something).\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    952\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mwhile\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_should_continue(iterations, time_elapsed):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 953\u001b[0m     next_step_output \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_take_next_step\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    954\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mname_to_tool_map\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    955\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcolor_mapping\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    956\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43minputs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    957\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mintermediate_steps\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    958\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mrun_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    959\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    960\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28misinstance\u001b[39m(next_step_output, AgentFinish):\n\u001b[1;32m    961\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_return(\n\u001b[1;32m    962\u001b[0m             next_step_output, intermediate_steps, run_manager\u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39mrun_manager\n\u001b[1;32m    963\u001b[0m         )\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/agents/agent.py:820\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mAgentExecutor._take_next_step\u001b[0;34m(self, name_to_tool_map, color_mapping, inputs, intermediate_steps, run_manager)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    818\u001b[0m         tool_run_kwargs[\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mllm_prefix\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m] \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m    819\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;66;03m# We then call the tool on the tool input to get an observation\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 820\u001b[0m     observation \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mtool\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    821\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43magent_action\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    822\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mverbose\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mverbose\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    823\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcolor\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mcolor\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    824\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcallbacks\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mget_child\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mif\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mrun_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01melse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mNone\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    825\u001b[0m \u001b[43m        \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mtool_run_kwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    826\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    827\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    828\u001b[0m     tool_run_kwargs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39magent\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mtool_run_logging_kwargs()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/tools/base.py:257\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mBaseTool.run\u001b[0;34m(self, tool_input, verbose, start_color, color, callbacks, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    255\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# TODO: maybe also pass through run_manager is _run supports kwargs\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    256\u001b[0m new_arg_supported \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m signature(\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_run)\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mparameters\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mget(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mrun_manager\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 257\u001b[0m run_manager \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mcallback_manager\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mon_tool_start\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    258\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43m{\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mname\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m:\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mname\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mdescription\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m:\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mdescription\u001b[49m\u001b[43m}\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    259\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01mif\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43misinstance\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mstr\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43;01melse\u001b[39;49;00m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mstr\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mtool_input\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    260\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mcolor\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mstart_color\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    261\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    262\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    263\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    264\u001b[0m     tool_args, tool_kwargs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_to_args_and_kwargs(parsed_input)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/manager.py:672\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mCallbackManager.on_tool_start\u001b[0;34m(self, serialized, input_str, run_id, parent_run_id, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    669\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m run_id \u001b[38;5;129;01mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    670\u001b[0m     run_id \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m uuid4()\n\u001b[0;32m--> 672\u001b[0m \u001b[43m_handle_event\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    673\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mhandlers\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    674\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mon_tool_start\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    675\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mignore_agent\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    676\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mserialized\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    677\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43minput_str\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    678\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mrun_id\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun_id\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    679\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[43mparent_run_id\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mparent_run_id\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    680\u001b[0m \u001b[43m    \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    681\u001b[0m \u001b[43m\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    683\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m CallbackManagerForToolRun(\n\u001b[1;32m    684\u001b[0m     run_id, \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mhandlers, \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39minheritable_handlers, \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mparent_run_id\n\u001b[1;32m    685\u001b[0m )\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/manager.py:157\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_handle_event\u001b[0;34m(handlers, event_name, ignore_condition_name, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    155\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mException\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    156\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m handler\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mraise_error:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 157\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m e\n\u001b[1;32m    158\u001b[0m     logging\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mwarning(\u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mError in \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mevent_name\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m callback: \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00me\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/manager.py:139\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_handle_event\u001b[0;34m(handlers, event_name, ignore_condition_name, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    135\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mtry\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    136\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m ignore_condition_name \u001b[38;5;129;01mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mNone\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mor\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mgetattr\u001b[39m(\n\u001b[1;32m    137\u001b[0m         handler, ignore_condition_name\n\u001b[1;32m    138\u001b[0m     ):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 139\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;43mgetattr\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mhandler\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mevent_name\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mkwargs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    140\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mexcept\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mNotImplementedError\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mas\u001b[39;00m e:\n\u001b[1;32m    141\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m event_name \u001b[38;5;241m==\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mon_chat_model_start\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/langchain/langchain/callbacks/human.py:48\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mHumanApprovalCallbackHandler.on_tool_start\u001b[0;34m(self, serialized, input_str, run_id, parent_run_id, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     38\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mon_tool_start\u001b[39m(\n\u001b[1;32m     39\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m,\n\u001b[1;32m     40\u001b[0m     serialized: Dict[\u001b[38;5;28mstr\u001b[39m, Any],\n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     45\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39mkwargs: Any,\n\u001b[1;32m     46\u001b[0m ) \u001b[38;5;241m-\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m>\u001b[39m Any:\n\u001b[1;32m     47\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_should_check(serialized) \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m_approve(input_str):\n\u001b[0;32m---> 48\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m HumanRejectedException(\n\u001b[1;32m     49\u001b[0m             \u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mInputs \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00minput_str\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m to tool \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00mserialized\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m were rejected.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m     50\u001b[0m         )\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mHumanRejectedException\u001b[0m: Inputs ls /private to tool {'name': 'terminal', 'description': 'Run shell commands on this MacOS machine.'} were rejected."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "agent.run(\"list all directories in /private\", callbacks=callbacks)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c0b47e26",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "venv",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "venv"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.11.3"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}
